Задание 21 Юнит 14 ГДЗ Вербицкая Forward 6 класс

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Вербицкая, Гаярделли, Редли 6 класс, Вентана-Граф:

21 Read the article and answer the questions:

What types of video games are mentioned in the text?

What negative effects of video games does the text tell you about?

Why have video games become an object of study for scholars?

The RAP

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Video games

By Trevor Lang

It all began in America in the 1970s, at the University of Utah. Nolan Bushell invented a video table tennis game, called ‘Pong’. It was very simple; it featured two white blocks on a black background and a ball that would go back and forth on the screen. The aim of the game was to keep the ball moving as long as possible and not let it fall out of the screen. The player who let the ball fall out of the screen would lose the game.

Then a new type of game, Space Invaders, appeared. A score was kept, and the player had to either avoid or destroy the enemy; it was real-time and required fast reflexes. The player had a fixed number of lives and the difficulty would increase with each level. The most important thing you could achieve in such a video game was to enter the high-score list.

Many more games followed, like Defender, Asteroid, and others. These were mainly arcade games, played on a coin-operated entertainment machine, usually installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars, and particularly amusement arcades. The popularity of the games led to game addiction and even crime. Truancy (missing school without a reason or permission) became a problem.

The developers of the games moved them from public to private places, making them longer and giving more satisfaction to players. They came up with games where the player could identify with the in-game avatar and his background story. These adventure games (such as Adventure, 1977) are almost always based on famous fantasy books such as those by Tolkien, from which many of the magical creatures originate (elves, trolls, ores, etc.).

All modern video games developed from the genres of action and adventure. The games of today are those of the eighth generation. By the year 2000 the classification of games had become compound and games can be classified according to:

1) the platform they are played on: PC, Xbox, PlayStation, Wii, iPhone, etc.;

2) the style of play they employ: single-player, multiplayer;

3) the position of the player in the game world: first person, third person, ‘god’;

4) the rules and goals of gameplay: racing game, action adventure, shooter, etc.;

5) the representational aspects: science fiction, high fantasy, urban realism, etc.

Videogames are a popular form of entertainment for millions of people in the 21st century. They have become exciting not only to those who play them, but to researchers who try to understand the nature of this phenomenon and the role it plays in people’s lives. They have become the object of serious scholarly study, of interest to social science fields such as psychology, economics and education.

Vocabulary

to feature

to increase

to destroy

to enter

to install

to lose

to lead

etc (et cetera)

background

goal

score

reflex

game addiction

truancy

phenomenon

arcade game

science fiction

urban realism

scholarly study

psychology

economics