Стр.100-101 Модуль 5 ГДЗ Starlight Баранова 8 класс
5i Writing A for-and-against essay Writing tips Writing for-and-against essays For-and-against essays present the advantages and disadvantages of a topic. They normally consist of:
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Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Баранова, Дули, Копылова 8 класс, Просвещение:
5i Writing
A for-and-against essay
Writing tips
Writing for-and-against essays
For-and-against essays present the advantages and disadvantages of a topic. They normally consist of:
an introduction presenting the topic without giving an opinion;
a main body consisting of three paragraphs, each presenting one point for and one point against the issue. Each argument should be supported with justifications/ examples. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence that summarises the main idea of the paragraph;
a conclusion presenting the writertasks opinion or giving a balanced consideration of the topic.
For-and-against essays are written in a formal, impersonal style so short sentences, colloquial expressions and idioms are avoided. You can begin and end your essay with any of the following techniques:
address the reader directly: We all know how frightening it can be to sit an important exam.
include a quotation: As Martin H Fischer said, “Any man who does not make himself proficient in at least two languages other than his own is a fool."
include a rhetorical question: Isntaskt it amazing that you can I now study subjects like video game engineering and surfing science?
1 Read the rubric and answer the questions.
You have seen the following announcement in an international travel magazine: "Should all school-leavers take a gap year before starting work or university" Send us an essay discussing the pros and cons of this proposal,
Write your essay (200-250 words).
1 What type of essay do you have to write?
2 What style will you write it in?
3 Decide which of the items 1-8 related to taking a gap year are advantages and which are disadvantages.
1 welcome break after studying
2 can be a waste of time without good planning
3 teaches life skills & builds character
4 expensive & can create debt
5 chance to see the world/learn about different cultures
6 friends will have taskmoved ontask when you return
7 makes you more mature & responsible
8 more time to decide what you really want to do with your life
1 Flow would you like to take an entire year off to see the world? Many school-leavers choose to do just that by taking a gap year and travelling around before returning to a permanent job or university studies. Is this really a worthwhile thing to do?
2 Certainly there are many arguments in favour of taking a gap year. To begin with, it is a welcome break after finishing secondary school. Young people have time to stand back and consider the next step in their career. Consequently, they return home with more energy and a fresh outlook. However, if there is no good planning in advance the whole experience will simply be a tremendous waste of time, not time spent on carefully planning the future.
3 Another advantage of taking a gap year is that it can provide the chance to see the world experience other cultures. By visiting different places and interacting with the locals young people can learn many things about life beyond the borders of their own country. On the other hand, Travelling can be very expensive. Paying for expenses such as flights, food and accommodation could easily get one into debt.
4 Another point in favour of a gap year is that it can make young people more mature and responsible. As this is often a young person’s first taste of independence it can lead to them becoming self-reliant, level-headed adults. When they return home, though, their friends may have moved on to new jobs and new friends. As a result, it may be difficult to fit back into life at home.
5 In conclusion, I believe that taking a gap year can be an incredibly rewarding experience, despite the drawbacks. As Saint Augustine once wrote: “The world is a book and those who do not travel read only a page.”
2 Read the essay. Which techniques has the writer used to start/end the essay?
3 Which paragraph (1-5): gives the writertasks opinion? presents the topic? gives the arguments against? gives the arguments for?
Linkers
To list/add points: Firstly, First of all, To start/begin with, Secondly, Finally, In addition, Furthermore, Moreover,
To introduce/list advantages: The first/Another advantage of …, One point in favour of..., Some people feel that...
To introduce/list disadvantages: The first/main/One/ Another disadvantage of ..., One argument against is mat..., Some/ Many people are against... because ...
To introduce examples/justifications: For example/instance, such as, like, because, as, since, as a result, therefore, etc.
To show contrast: On the other hand, However, In contrast, although, even though, Nevertheless To conclude: In conclusion, To conclude/sum up, All in all, Finally, Taking everything into account To give your opinion: I think/be eve that ..., I am strongly/totally in favour of..., In my opinion/view, …
4 Find the correct words, then replace the linkers in bold in the text with alternatives.
1 To begin with, there are many advantages to using the Internet in the classroom. For example, it has a lot more information than the average school library.
2 Some people feel that against students should be allowed to study subjects that interest them because they would learn more effectively.
3 In contrast, some people argue that online learning facilitates learning. For instance,students must be well-organised to be able to keep up with the pace of the course.
5 Put the sentences in the correct order 1-5. Which is the topic sentence? Suggest an alternative.
A They believe students who are keen for sports will find an outlet for their interests on their own, outside school.
В For example, one school found that 30 minutes of exercise improved studentstask reading scores.
C First of all, there is evidence that brain activity is enhanced by physical exercise.
D There are many advantages to making PE a compulsory subject in schools.
E However, some people argue that we must not force students to exercise if they do not wish to.
Your turn
6 Read the rubric, find the key words and answer the questions.
A website for students is asking for opinions on the following issue: Should all teaching and learning take place online these days? Write a for-and-against essay discussing the pros and cons of this proposal (200-250 words).
1 What do you have to write and who will read it?
2 What will each paragraph include?
3 How could you begin/end your essay?
4 Which sentence (1-3) is in favour of the proposal and which is against it? Match each viewpoint with a justification/example (A-C) below.
1 Students can participate in lessons from anywhere in the world.
2 Online teaching and learning can be cold and impersonal.
3 It is more convenient than traditional schools and classrooms.
A There are no fixed hours and students can log on and off when they want.
В A computer cannot replace the face-to-face communication between a teacher and a class.
C Students living in remote areas can still have access to an education.
5 Think of more advantages/ disadvantages and justifications/examples to support them.
7 Use your ideas in Ex. 6 to write your essay. Follow the plan below. Use different techniques to start/end your essay.
Plan
Para 1: present topic
Paras 2-4: an advantage with justifications/examples and a disadvantage with justifications/ examples
Para 5: conclusion & own opinion