Стр.136-137 Across the curriculum ГДЗ Комарова Ларионова 8 класс
4 Anatomy Across the curriculum Bones and muscles 1 Read the text and name parts 1-4 of the picture. Use the words below.
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Решение #1
| Calcium(Кальций) | ||
|---|---|---|
| What is it? | Calcium is a simple inorganic substance, an element of the periodic table, an alkaline earth metal.Calcium is a building material for our teeth and bones, and is also involved in conducting nerve impulses, regulating pressure, transporting ions and blood coagulation | Кальций – простое неорганическое вещество, элемент таблицы Менделеева, щёлочноземельный металл.Кальций является строительным материалом для наших зубов и костей, а также участвует в проведении нервных импульсов, регуляции давления, транспорте ионов, свертывании крови |
| Where can you find it? | Calcium is a widespread element in nature; both animal and plant foods are rich in it. Most of the calcium is found in hard cheeses and in raw sesame seeds | Кальций – широко распространенный в природе элемент, им богаты как животные, так и растительные продукты. Больше всего кальция содержится в твердых сортах сыра и в неочищенном кунжуте |
| Why is it important for bones? | Calcium provides the support function of the bones, and at the same time, the bone tissue serves as a kind of repository of calcium in the body. This means that if there is a lack of calcium in food, the body will begin to draw it out of the bone tissue (which often leads to osteoporosis and other diseases) | Кальций обеспечивает опорную функцию костей, и в то же время костная ткань служит своего рода хранилищем кальция в организме. Это означает, что при нехватке кальция в пище организм начнет вытягивать его из костной ткани (что часто приводит к остеопорозу и другим заболеваниям) |
| Who is it most important for? | Especially high doses of calcium are important for elderly people after 60 years, pregnant and lactating women | В особенно больших дозах кальция нуждаются пожилые люди после 60 лет, беременные и кормящие женщины |
| What happens if you don’t have enough calcium? | Calcium deficiency can lead to demineralization of bones and teeth up to destruction, osteoporosis, deterioration of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, frequent allergic reactions, increased sensitivity of tooth enamel | Дефицит кальция может привести к деминерализации костей и зубов вплоть до их разрушения, остеопорозу, ухудшению работы нервной и сердечно-сосудистой систем, частым аллергическим реакциям, повышении чувствительности зубной эмали |
Решение #2
Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Комарова, Ларионова 8 класс, Русское слово:
4 Anatomy
Across the curriculum
Bones and muscles
1 Read the text and name parts 1-4 of the picture. Use the words below.
compact bone
muscle
bone marrow
ligament
Bones
All vertebrates have internal skeletons. The human skeleton has over 200 bones and this hard, tough structure protects and supports the rest of the body. For example, the ribs protect the heart and lungs.
The bones vary in shape and size depending on their function. The smallest bones are inside the ear and the largest is the femur (top leg bone). Male skeletons are different to female skeletons. For example, the female pelvis is a different shape to allow a baby to be born.
Bones are not solid. The outer part of the bone is compact bone and has nerves and blood vessels and in the centre there is soft bone marrow, which is where new blood cells are made. Calcium is needed to make strong bones.
Bones are joined to other bones at joints by strong tissue called ligaments.
2 Read the text about bones again. Answer the questions.
1 Are dogs vertebrates? Why or why not?
2 How many bones are there in the human body?
3 Where is the smallest bone in the human body?
4 Are male and female skeletons identical?
5 Are bones solid?
6 What is produced in the bone marrow?
3 Name parts 1-8 of the skeleton. Use the words in the box.
Humerus
radius
pelvis
femur
cranium
ribs
scapula
vertebrae
Muscles
4 Read about muscles and look at the diagram. Answer the questions.
Muscles
Muscles are needed for movement. All muscles are made of muscle fibres which contract or relax. Some muscles work automatically, for example, the muscles in the heart which pump blood or the muscles in the intestines which move food through the body.
Other muscles are attached to bones by tendons. Many muscles in the body work in pairs. One muscle pulls in one direction and the other pulls in the opposite direction.
1 Why do we need muscles?
2 What are two examples of muscles which work automatically?
3 How are muscles attached to bones?
4 Give the names of a pair of muscles which work together in the arm.
Project
You are going to find out about calcium.
Plan
Calcium
What is it?
Where can you find it?
Why is it important for bones?
Who is it most important for?
What happens if you don’t have enough calcium?
Research
Find information about calcium. Look in the library or on the Internet.
Prepare
Complete the table with your findings.
Present your material
Show your completed project to your classmates and teacher.