Стр.116-117 Модуль 4 ГДЗ Starlight Баранова 10 класс
Unit 4.9 Writing: Argumentative An argumentative essay is a piece of formal or semi-formal writing. It can be: a for-and-against essay in which we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a specific topic;
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Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Баранова, Дули, Копылова 10 класс, Просвещение:
Unit 4.9
Writing: Argumentative
An argumentative essay is a piece of formal or semi-formal writing. It can be:
a for-and-against essay in which we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a specific topic;
an opinion essay in which we present our opinion on a particular topic;
an essay providing solutions to problems in which we discuss a problem and its causes as well as the expected results or consequences of our suggestions.
Argumentative writing can be used in letters to someone in authority (e,g. a local politician, the editor of a newspaper etc.).
Before starting to write your essay you should first make a five-paragraph plan. The plan should have:
an introduction;
3 main body paragraphs; each covering a separate point;
a conclusion.
In an argumentative essay, quotations arc a particularly useful way to start or end your piece of writing. Use a dictionary of quotations to help you and include the name and, if necessary, the occupation of the person you arc quoting.
Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence which summarises the main idea of tire paragraph. Give examples to support your point of view in the rest of the paragraph.
When you write your essay use: formal/semi-formal vocabulary: e.g. It is advisable, and mild language e.g. In my opinion, and formal linkers e.g. therefore, although, however etc. Dontaskt use: everyday colloquial language or short forms e.g. why don’t you... ?, strong, personal language e.g. I am sure and strong feelings e.g. It is impossible to disagree with me.
Useful Expressions and Linking Words/ Phrases
to list and add points: In the first place. To start/begin with. Secondly, Thirdly, Finally,
In addition (to this), Furthermore, Moreover, Besides, lastly, etc.
to introduce or list advantages: The main/first/most important advantage of ... , One point of view in favour of ... It is often suggested/ believed/argued that...,Some/Many people suggested/feel/argue that... , Some/ Many people an: in favour of/are convinced that... etc.
to introduce or list disadvantages: The main/most important disadvantage/drawback of ... , One point/argument against ... Some/Many people are against... etc (because) ...
to introduce examples/reasons/results: for example/ instance, such as, like, in particular, therefore, consequently, for tills mason, because, as. since, as a result, tikis means tint, etc.
to show contrast: On the one/other hand. However, still, but, Nonetheless, Nevertheless, Although, liven though. Despite/In spile of (the fact that),... etc.
to introduce a conclusion: In conclusion. To conclude/sum up. All in all, Finally, All things considered. Taking everything into account/ consideration,... etc.
1 Match the quotations to the essay topics.
QUOTATIONS
1 "The toughest thing about success is that you’ve got to keep on being a success."
Irving Berlin (US composer)
2 "Boxing is just show business with blood."
Frank Bruno (British boxer)
3 "Art is much less important than life; but what a poor life without It!"
Robert Motherwell (US artist)
4 "Ittasks not how old you are, ittasks how hard you work on it"
Jonah Barrington (Irish squash player)
5 "The process of living is the process at reacting to stress."
Dr Stanley Samoff (US physiologist)
6 “In our factory we make cosmetics. In the store we sell hope."
Charles Revlon (founder of Revlon cosmetics)
7 “Whoever controls the media, controls the mind.”
Jim Morrison (US singer)
8 "Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance."
Will Durant (US philosopher and writer)
TOPICS
a Describe the role of art in life.
b What are the problems that come with ageing and what can be done about them?
c “Beauty is only skin deep.” Do you agree?
d What are the advantages and disadvantages of becoming famous?
e Stress and anxiety can lead to early death. Why is this and what can we do about it?
f What is the point of learning? Discuss.
g How do the mass media affect people’s lives? Discuss.
h Violent sports should be banned. Discuss.
Model Analysis
2 a) Read the rubric and answer the questions.
You have had a class discussion about different types of holidays. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your views on the following statement There are both pros and cons to choosing a package holiday.
Write your essay (200-250 words).
1 What are you going to write about?
2 Who Is going to read your piece of writing?
3 What advantages/disadvantages of package holidays can you think of?
4 What style of writing should you use?
b) Read the two models and decide which one is the best. Justify your decision.
c) Find the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs in Model 1. Replace them with other appropriate ones.
THE PROS AND CONS OF PACKAGE HOLDAYS
MODEL 1
Without doubt package holidays are the most popular type of holiday. However, tourists must carefully weigh up the good and bad points before choosing one.
First of all, there is the important question of cost Travel agents are able to offer package deals which are much cheaper than any holiday an individual could arrange for themselves. This means that tourists visit places they would otherwise never see. One drawback of this is that there is less privacy. Keeping prices down means travelling in large groups, frequently on coach tours, which may not suit all tastes.
Next comes the matter of travel arrangements. One advantage of package holidays is that everything is arranged for you. There is no anxiety about booking tickets or accommodation or planning activities. However, this also means less flexibility since the tourist has less freedom to decide what they want to do each day. Finally, we should mention the choice available. There is a huge range of package holidays on offer. For example, people can go sightseeing in Italy, skiing in the Alps or snorkeling in the Seychelles. Therefore, even the most demanding tourist is catered for. An important disadvantage of such holidays is that tourists often stay in large hotels or resort complexes. As a result, they miss die opportunity to learn about the local culture. To sum up. package holidays have both pros and cons. From one point of view, they are cheap and convenient. On the other hand, they can be restrictive.
MODEL 2
Package holidays are the best type of holidays. There are so many advantages to booking a package holiday and very few disadvantages.
First of all, it couldn’t be easier. The travel agent makes all the arrangements and the flights, hotel and meals are included and paid for ahead of time. Also, there is a wide choice of destinations finally, package holidays are cheap. Travel agents are able to get huge discounts for bulk bookings that individuals cannot Therefore, they can offer package deals that cost less than the sum of the individual parts They pass these discounts on to you and me, and so we can go on a cruise around the Med or a safari in Kenya or skiing holiday in the Alps for a reasonable price.
All in all, it is easy to see why package holidays are so popular. They are the cheapest and easiest option.
3 Look at the words in bold in Model I above. Which: list points? conclude? show results? give reasons? give examples? show contrast? Introduce advantages/disadvantages? Replace them with other appropriate words or phrases.