Стр.132-133 Unit 9-10 ГДЗ Комарова Ларионова 10 класс
Newton, needles and new technologies Learn about physics (I) Only thirty years ago the home computer didntaskt even exist. Nevertheless, the science behind modern PCs goes back hundreds of years.
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Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Комарова, Ларионова 10 класс, Русское слово:
Newton, needles and new technologies
Learn about physics
(I) Only thirty years ago the home computer didntaskt even exist. Nevertheless, the science behind modern PCs goes back hundreds of years. We certainly wouldntaskt have our PCs and laptops if 18task" century scientists hadntaskt discovered electricity. Likewise, a computertasks color screen works thanks to the ideas of a 17" century scientist called Sir Isaac Newton.
(2) Newton was one of the greatest scientists of all time. Ho is most famous for his theories about gravity. Gravity is the force that keeps us on Earth and that holds the universe together. However, Newton made many more important discoveries. One of these discoveries was how light and color work. Newton was mad about light. He even put a needle behind his own eye to find out how wo perceive color! From his many experiments (sometimes painful!), he made some very important discoveries.
For example, he discovered that white light is made up of many colors. Have you ever noticed that white light often comes out of a glass object as a rainbow of different colors? The scientific name for this rainbow is the spectrum. Scientists before Newton thought that something in the glass made this spectrum of colors. Newton didntaskt agree. He conducted experiments with glass pyramids, called prisms. Through these experiments, he realized that white light was actually made up of seven different colors: red. orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Ho also proved that you could mix these base colors again to form white light. His theory was very controversial then, but now everyone agrees it is a basic scientific truth.
4) Newton continued his work on color. He proved that red. yellow and blue arc the three basic colors. These arc called primary colors and arc special for two reasons. Firstly, you can mix these in different amounts to make any other color. Secondly, you cannot make them from any of the other colors in the spectrum.
5) So what does all this have to do with computers? Well, computer screens use a system that is based on Newtontasks color theory. Screens arc made up of thousands of tiny dots, called pixels. Each pixel is the smallest piece of an image on the screen. However, each pixel is really made up of three even smaller dots called a triad. Every triad has one blue, one red and one green dot. So the color of each pixel is a mix of the primary colors. So how does the computer show all the millions of colors that we see on the screen? Basically, the computer changes the strength of each red. blue or green dot in each triad. This creates the perfect color for each pixel. The thousands of pixels on the screen join together like a jigsaw to make the picture.
Newton certainly was an amazing scientist and he knew that his discoveries were important. However, he never guessed that one day he would help you and me surf the Net!
A Read the text and match the sections (1-5) with the headings (A-E). There is one extra heading you do not need to use.
A Who was Newton?
В More about color
C How computers make pictures
D Experiments with light
E Old science for modern technology
F Scientific life
В Choose the best way to complete each sentence so that it summarizes the information in the text.
1 Modern computers arc based on scientific discoveries made...
a only a few years ago.
b hundreds of years ago.
2 Newton is most famous for his theories about...
a light and color,
b forces.
3 Newton showed that...
a white light is made of many colors,
b glass changes the color of light.
4 The primary colors ...
a make all other colors,
b is made from all other colors.
5 A pixel is really ...
a one color.
b three colors.
C Match the words and phrases in bold in the text with the definitions below.
D Choose a text and read it aloud.
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read it to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
Project
1 Use the Internet or school library to do research on one of the following:
• The life of Isaac Newton
• Newton’s theory of gravity
• How a computer mouse works
2 Write a short report about your research. Use pictures or diagrams to illustrate your work.