Стр.54-55 Unit 3-4 ГДЗ Комарова Ларионова 10 класс
Learn about geometry Text 1 Geometry in the real world What do the following professionals all have in common? architect interior designer furniture designer / maker engineer physicist astronomer computer programmer mapmaker artist The answer is simple.
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Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Комарова, Ларионова 10 класс, Русское слово:
Learn about geometry
Text 1
Geometry in the real world
What do the following professionals all have in common?
architect
interior designer
furniture designer / maker
engineer
physicist
astronomer
computer programmer
mapmaker
artist
The answer is simple. They all need to know about geometry to do their job. Geometry is used extensively in all kinds of design and construction activities, including jobs that require measuring things. It is important for these professionals to be able to measure the length, width. height, depth and area of the spaces they design for and the constructions they make.
If you look closely enough, you will see many geometric shapes in all man-made structures. For example, buildings, cars, ships, windows, books, plates, glasses, to name just a few.
Nature also contains many geometric structures. For a start, the Earth is a big sphere, as is the moon and the other planets in our solar system. The whole universe is a geometric structure. Measurements on maps arc also geometric, which shows nature contains geometric shapes and that geometry exists even in things we humans cannot sec!
Text 2
Euclid and Pythagoras
Geometry has been important to man since ancient times. Two of the most important mathematicians from then arc Euclid and Pythagoras.
Euclid
Euclid of Alexandria was a Greek philosopher and mathematician who lived around 300 BC. He wrote a famous textbook on geometry called Elements, which was used in schools until the early 20: century! Euclidean geometry is still taught in schools and deals with the measurement of 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) objects.
Two-dimensional shapes have sides. A square has four sides and a triangle has three. Where two sides meet they make an angle. A circle only has one side and the distance all the way around it is called the circumference. When we measure a circle, the distance across it is called the diameter. The distance from the side to the middle is called the radius.
Three-dimensional shapes are a little more complex because you can also measure height, width and depth. The surfaces on 3D shapes arc called faces. The number of faces on a cube is six. Where two faces meet we have an edge. A cube has twelve edges. Where two or more edges meet we have a corner. A cube has eight comers. With Euclidean geometry we can measure all of these aspects of 2D and 3D shapes.
Pythagoras
Pythagoras was boom about 569 BC on the Greek island Samos. He was a philosopher and mathematician who came up with what we now call Pythagoras" theorem. His theorem is all about right-angled triangles and with it we can work out the length of a side of a triangle by using the length of the other two sides.
This triangle is called a right-angled triangle because the angle on the inside of sides a and b is 90task. Now. imagine you know the length of side and the length of side b but you dontaskt know the length of side c. Is it possible to calculate the length of side c without measuring it? The answer is. yes. And. you can do this by using Pythagorastask theorem.
A Read text 1 and answer the questions.
1 Why do many professionals need to know geometry?
2 Which of these professionals may not need to know any geometry to do their job?
3 What do man-made structures and nature have in common?
В Now read about Euclid in text 2 and answer the question.
Which of the following are 2D shapes and which arc 3D shapes?
C Match the shapes in exercise В with the words from the box.
D How many angles and sides does a square have?
How many faces, corners and edges does a cube have?
E Copy and label the diagram of a circle below.
F Now read about Pythagoras in text 2 and answer the questions.
1 What is the name of the different parts of a right-angled triangle? Copy and label the diagram.
2 In your notebook, find the length of side c in the triangle above.
Project
Look around your home and find different 2D and 3D geometrical structures. Write descriptions of these different structures and provide pictures. Label them with the name of the shape they are based on.
Consider the following:
• What are the names of the objects?
• What is their function?
• Does the shape help the objects achieve their function?