Стр.80-81 Unit 5-6 ГДЗ Комарова Ларионова 10 класс

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Комарова, Ларионова 10 класс, Русское слово:

Learn about geology

remains arc on display, you will know just how amazing they arc. How could the body of an animal that lived more than sixty-five million years ago survive until today? The answer, in a word, is fossilization.

The word fossil comes from the Latin language. It means ‘dug up from the Earth.’ This is a clue to what fossils arc. A fossil is the remains of any living thing that has been preserved in the Earth. Fossils can be formed from plants, animals and even tiny microbes such as bacteria. The oldest fossils of complex animals go back 600 million years, but there are also fossils of microbes that lived 3 billion years ago.

(?) Usually the only parts of an animal that get preserved arc the hard bits. Fossils of shells or bones, for example, have often been discovered. The fossilized remains of softer parts, such as skin or hair, arc very rarely preserved. However, in the 1980s the fossil of a sort of monkey was discovered in Germany. This remarkable fossil included the creature’s fur and even the remains of its last meal.

(3) Although all fossils arc the preserved remains of living creatures, there arc actually five different types of fossil. Each type is created in a different way. The best fossils are made by a process called ‘unaltered preservationtask. An example of this is when insects get trapped in the thick, sticky resin of pine trees. Over millions of years, the resin changes into a type of transparent yellow stone. This stone is called amber. The insect is preserved perfectly inside the amber, just as it was the day it died millions of years earlier.

Another common form of fossilization is called petrification’. In this process, the animal or plant turns to stone. How does this happen? Well, lettasks take a dinosaur as an example.

One day. seventy million years ago, our dinosaur is eating by the side of a lake. Suddenly, she slips in the mud and slides to the bottom of the lake, where she drowns. Soil then comes into the lake from rivers and streams. This soil covers her body. Over time, the soft parts of her body disappear, leaving only the bones. Eventually, the amount of soil lying over her remains is extremely heavy. This pressure makes the soil near her skeleton very hot. The heat and the pressure change the soil into rock. Over time, water passes through this rock and washes her bones away. This process leaves gaps in the rock that arc the same shape as the dinosaurtasks skeleton. Eventually, these gaps fill up with tiny bits of salt or other minerals. Over time, these minerals form new stone where the body used to be. The new stone is in the same shape as our dinosaur’s skeleton. In other words, she has become a fossil.

A Read the text and match sections 01-4 with headings A-D. There is one extra heading you do not need to use.

A How are fossils made?

В What parts become fossilized?

C How arc fossils discovered?

D What arc fossils?

E How arc fossils dated?

В Read the text again and decide if the statements below are true or false.

1 All fossils arc made from animals.

2 The oldest fossils arc more than a billion years old.

3 The soft pans of animals rarely become fossils.

4 All fossils arc made by the same process.

5 In petrification, rocks replace the bones of the animal.

6 Erosion happens when farmers dig up their fields.

C Match the words and phrases in bold in the text with the definitions.

1 complicated

2 the hairy coat of an animal

3 what’s left of something after a long time

4 something that happens quite often

5 kept in good condition

6 substances that arc found in nature

7 all the bones inside a body

Project

1 Use the Internet or school library to do research on one of the following.

• What was life on Earth like when the dinosaurs lived? (climate, other animals, types of dinosaur)

• What can we learn from fossils? (natural history, evolution)

• What else can we find underground? (types of rock, precious things, useful substances)

2 Write a short report about your findings. Add illustrations and diagrams to help explain your ideas.

Around the world the cost of energy is increasing at an amazing rate, in the last few years the cost of heating and lighting a house in the UK has gone up by a staggering 46%. One of the biggest problems is that we rely on petrol, oil and gas for much of our energy needs, and yet these are all sources of energy that are expensive to extract and are fast running out. Some estimates say that the world will have exhausted supplies of oil by the year 2050 - not really that far off. So. what are the alternatives?