4b Test Booklet ГДЗ Starlight Баранова 11 класс

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Test 4b (Module 4)

Reading

H Read the text. For statements 1-7, choose А, В, C or D to complete each statement correctly.

I’m not on the Menu!

Unlike humans, who just need to open the fridge door or pop into the nearest supermarket whenever they feel hungry, animals across the world spend endless hours every day hunting down their next meal. Of course, the animals they are hunting do their very best to avoid ending up on the dinner plate! It’s a constant battle that requires great cunning on the part of the hunter and the hunted. Fortunately, however, nature has provided both contestants in the survival game with a whole bag of clever tricks. Just take a look at some of the amazing things animals do to escape the jaws of a predator. In the Indonesian Ocean, the mimic octopus is a feast for many sea creatures, but this master of disguise must first be identified by its hungry hunters. This task is not easy, as this particular octopus can reproduce the appearance and behaviour of other sea creatures with startling accuracy. It can transform its soft body into the shape of a sea-snake, a lion fish, or a jellyfish. But why does the mimic octopus disguise itself as a sea-snake or a jellyfish? The answer is simply because these animals are highly poisonous and no other sea animal dares to approach them.

On the island of Madagascar, the tomato frog has more than one creative way of avoiding the native snake population. One survival technique is its colour: bright colouration in frogs is associated with skin toxins that make them poisonous and screams a visual warning to predators to ‘stay away!’ Any snake unfortunate enough to ignore the danger sign and attack the frog will find its jaws glued together. Why? Well, the tomato frog produces enormous amounts of a thick sticky substance from its skin when it is grabbed by a snake. This ‘glue’ causes the snake’s eyes and mouth to gum up and leads it to releasing the tomato frog from its menacing jaws very quickly!

Surprisingly, the tarantula spider is a tasty treat for a number of animals and to escape them it has come up with a crafty defence. The tarantula uses its back legs to ‘throw’ barbed hairs at predators. Tarantulas kick the spiky hairs that cover their body into the air directing them in the path of their attacker. The resulting mist of hairs causes physical irritation when it lands on the predator’s skin and eyes. The tarantula can then run away while its attacker is rubbing its sore skin and itchy eyes.

There can be few ways of escaping a hunter more inventive than letting it think that you are one of them. In the sunny valleys of California, rock squirrels and ground squirrels use exactly this strategy against rattlesnakes. These squirrels pick up pieces of shed rattlesnake skin, chew them and then lick their bodies in order to put the smell of the snake’s skin on their fur! The rattlesnake odour masks the squirrel’s own and, at night, the snake believes that another snake is in the squirrel’s burrow rather than supper.

Perhaps the most famous of animal ‘smells’, though, belongs to the skunk. Like the tomato frog, this cute creature uses its elegant black and white markings to keep predators at a distance. Any foolishly persistent predator aiming for a skunk snack will find itself sprayed with one of the most awful stinks in the animal kingdom. Resembling rotten eggs, garlic and burnt rubber, the smell is so sickeningly bad that it can deter a starving bear. Be very careful because if you get too close, the spray can even cause temporary blindness!

Predator and prey are natural links in the food chain, but some of those links go to fascinating lengths to avoid being next on the menu. So the next time you are watching a wildlife programme about big cats on the lookout for lunch, think about what tricks those worried-looking wildebeest might be thinking up to escape appearing as dessert after the zebra main course!

1 The writer suggests that people do not have difficulty in finding food.

A are not smart enough to hunt for food.

В do not have difficulty in finding food.

C cannot do without kitchen appliances.

D do not have time to prepare food.

2 The writer uses the phrase ‘startling accuracy’ (line 9) to emphasise that the octopus is very good at looking like other sea creatures.

A sea creatures are surprised by the mimic octopus’ appearance.

В sea creatures are scared of the mimic octopus.

C the octopus is the only sea creature to mimic others.

D the octopus is very good at looking like other sea creatures.

3 The writer says snakes should know to avoid tomato frogs because of their bright red colour.

A their menacing jaws.

В the glue on their skin.

C their bright red colour.

D the sound they make.

4 ‘them’ in line 22 refers to the tarantula’s spiky hairs.

A spiky hairs.

В bodies.

C back legs.

D predators.

5 Rock and ground squirrels avoid rattlesnakes by using the scent of rattlesnakes.

A copying the appearance of rattlesnakes.

В using the scent of rattlesnakes.

C hiding in rattlesnake burrows.

D wearing the skin of rattlesnakes.

6 While talking about skunks, the writer says their smell is so strong it can even make a bear ill.

A there are some predators which ignore their markings.

В they have similar markings to tomato frogs.

C their smell is so strong it can even make a bear ill.

D their diet includes things that other animals avoid.

7 In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that readers consider the ways in which animals avoid being eaten.

A watch a documentary about animal feeding habits.

В think about what connects one animal to another.

C try to understand why animals hunt other animals.

D consider the ways in which animals avoid being eaten.

Marks: 7x5 = /35

Writing

You have 30 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

Too much money is spent on space exploration. It would be better to use the money to help prevent environmental catastrophe on planet Earth.

What is your opinion? Is too much money spent on space exploration? Your answer must be 200-250 words.

Use the following plan:

make an introduction and state your opinion

give reasons to support your opinion

state the opposite point of view and explain why you disagree with it

draw a conclusion