Стр.118-119 Dialogue Of Cultures ГДЗ Вербицкая Forward 11 класс
DIALOGUE OF CULTURES 2 THINGS YOUtaskVE ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW … Glossary to instate; in (their) own right; anglicized; to imply;
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DIALOGUE OF CULTURES 2
THINGS YOUtaskVE ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW …
Glossary
to instate; in (their) own right; anglicized; to imply; to date from; to merge with; respectively; be broke; to derive from; stout; to commission; to inscribe; copper button; to trace back to; Auld Lang Syne; dock builders; to rhyme with; be broke; be puzzled; mixer taps; plumbing; knights; sword; prohibitive
WHY…
1 do the British drive on the left?
2 are the Yeoman Warders at the Tower of London usually known as Beefeaters?
3 is the British currency called the taskpound sterlingtask?
4 is the famous London landmark called Big Ben?
5 is the British flag known as the Union Jack?
6 are New Year celebrations in Scotland called Hogmanay?
7 is the day after Christmas known as Boxing Day?
8 do the British use the slang word taskbreadtask for money?
9 are policemen known as taskcopstask?
10 do many British bathrooms have separate hot and cold taps instead of one mixer tap?
FACT FILE
A The Yeomen Warders, popularly known as Beefeaters, were instated by King Henry VII as his bodyguards in 1485. Nowadays they act as tour guides at the Tower of London, where they are a tourist attraction in their own right. The word Beefeater is probably an anglicised version of buffetier, the French
term for the guard of the kingtasks food in the Middle Ages - which might imply that Yeoman Warders ate very well!
B The Union Jack dates from 1800, when Ireland was merged with Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (now only Northern Ireland). The original flag combined the red cross of Saint George for England and Wales with the Saint Andrew white diagonal cross on a blue background for Scotland. The new design added the red diagonal cross of St Patrick. The name Union Jack dates from the early 1700s and is probably derived from its use as a taskjacktask flag at the front of British ships.
C The name Big Ben refers to the bell in the tower at the Houses of Parliament, not to the tower or large clock itself. There are two theories about its name. The first is that it was taken from the nickname of a champion heavyweight boxer of the time, Ben Caunt. The second, and more probable, explanation is that it was named after the rather stout Welshman, Sir Benjamin Hall, who commissioned the bell and whose name was inscribed on it.
D The term cop could refer to the copper buttons on the uniforms of the first policemen in London or it might be an acronym for taskConstable on Patroltask. However, the most likely explanation is that around the year 1700, the slang verb cop entered the English language, meaning taskcatch or capturetask, By the mid 19th century, the -er suffix had been added and a policeman became a copper, a man who catches criminals.
E The word pound as a unit of English money was first recorded around 975 when the value of coins was calculated by their weight. The term pound sterling can be traced back to the time of King Henry II in the 12th century. The derivation of the word sterling is almost certainly from easterling silver, which was used to make coins at the time and came from Easterling in Germany.
1 Read questions 1-10 and match them to the photos and cartoons. Two questions have no match. Can you guess the answers to the questions? Discuss in pairs.
2 Read answers A-E to five of the questions and answer questions 1-3 below.
1 Which questions were answered?
2 Were your predictions correct?
3 Did anything surprise you? Why/why not?
3 Check the words and phrases from the box in a dictionary. Which would you expect to hear in an answer to each of the five remaining why questions? Give reasons.
alms; boxes; lance; eavesdroppers; pressure; code; Gaelic; underworld; mains supply; jousting knights; water tank
4 DCT003 Listen and check your answers to Exercise 3. Were your guesses correct?
Текст аудирования:
One
Australian woman: About a quarter of the world drives on the left, and except for Japan, the countries that do are mostly old British colonies such as Australia and Bermuda. This often puzzles the rest of the world but there is a perfectly logical explanation. From Roman times right up until the late 1700s, people usually travelled on the left side of the road because it was the sensible choice for mostly right-handed people. For example, jousting knights with their lances under their right arm, naturally passed on each other’s right. During Napoleonic times, however, this custom changed in Europe. It may have been because Napoleon was left-handed. Or that, as a military genius, he made his armies march on the right to surprise his enemies! The custom then spread to the newly independent United States of America. Subsequently, most of the cars produced in the US were for driving on the right, so the countries that bought them were forced to change. However, it would now be impossible for Britain to do the same as the cost would be prohibitive.
Two
Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
And never brought to mind?
Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
And days of auld lang syne?
For auld lang syne, my dear,
For auld lang syne,
We’ll take a cup of kindnesss
Yet for auld lang syne.
Scottish man: Hogmanay is the Scottish word for the last day of the year, and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year in true Scottish manner. Officially, Hogmanay is on 31 December, but this is normally only the start of a celebration which lasts through the night until the morning of the 1 January, or even longer! There are several explanations for the origin of the term Hogmanay, and many of them relate back to words in Gaelic, the old Scottish language. The most popular explanation is that it comes from a Gaelic phrase meaning ‘new morning’. The singing of the old traditional Hogmanay song, Auld Lang Syne — meaning ‘for times gone by’ — has now become common in many countries at New Year.
Three
RP Man: Boxing Day is celebrated on 26 December in Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. However, its name has nothing to do with boxing! Some say it began with the opening of alms boxes in churches during the Christmas season. Churchgoers would put small donations in the boxes during the year, and this money was then distributed to the poor on the day after Christmas. It was also the day when the head of the household would distribute the traditional ‘Christmas Box’, which was a present or gift of money, to the servants. Nowadays, Boxing Day in Britain is better known for the start of the big sales in shops and department stores everywhere. Many people take advantage of this to return unwanted Christmas presents — and buy things they want more cheaply!
Four
Cockney woman: Cockney rhyming slang is a significant and colourful part of British, as well as Australian, English and originated among dock builders in London’s East End about 200 years ago. It then developed as the secret language of the London underworld from the 1850s, when criminals used it to confuse police and eavesdroppers. It typically uses substitute words as a code for another word. The final word of the substitute phrase rhymes with the word it replaces. As only the first word of the replacement phrase is used, the meaning is difficult to guess. For example, the rhyming slang for the word money is bread and honey as honey rhymes with money — so we can ask our friends, Can you lend me some bread? if we’re broke!
Five
American man: Many visitors to Britain are puzzled — and amazed — by the fact that people still have separate hot and cold taps in their bathrooms and kitchens instead of mixer taps. Why on earth do they do this, they ask, when your hands either burn from the hot water or freeze with the cold? Why not have a mixer tap, so you can wash in clean running water, at the temperature you want? The answer seems to lie in the plumbing. In the past, most British houses got their cold water from the public mains supply, but the hot water came from a water tank under the roof. The cold water had a much higher pressure and it was difficult to regulate both the pressure and the temperature of the water — hence the separate taps.
5 Crossing Cultures. Work in groups. What might visitors to Russia find surprising?
Think about
• unusual names for holidays or festivities that you have and their origins
• places, buildings or monuments that have nicknames; what they are and how the nickname originated
• unusual slang expressions you have in Russian and what they mean
• everyday customs or traditions and how they originated
• your ideas