Упр.47 Unit 1 ГДЗ English Михеева 11 класс

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Михеева, Афанасьева 11 класс, Просвещение:

47. Study the topical vocabulary to speak about music.

Music has been called both the most mathematical and the most abstract of the arts. “Music is born of emotion,” Confucius observed. It can become a kind of universal language understood by all people on the planet if they are prepared to acquire it. The main elements of music are

• rhythm;

• melody;

• tempo;

• tone colour.

The first purposefully composed music appeared in Medieval Europe and the art of composition has been developing ever since. It has passed through the following stages:

- Medieval music (c. 1000—1450)

• mostly church music in the form of chants;

• secular songs sung by minstrels, minnesingers and troubadours;

• rise of polyphonic techniques when several melodic lines are added to the main melody.

- Renaissance music (c. 1450—1600)

• the rise of distinct secular styles and forms;

• further development of polyphony;

• instruments are used not only to accompany singers;

• keyboard instruments and lute become popular.

- Baroque music (c. 1600—1750)

• popularity of vocal music;

• speechlike rhythm over a simple accompaniment;

• beginning of opera;

• new forms: the oratorio, the cantata, the concerto;

• string and keyboard instruments popular.

- Classical music (c. 1750—1825)

• opera is the primary genre of vocal music;

• new forms:

• the sonata (three- or four-movement piece);

• the symphony (a long piece of classical music played by a large orchestra);

• the concerto;

• the string quartet.

- Romantic music (c. 1830—1910)

• free adoption of old forms;

• opera becomes a “total art work” combining music and drama with rapid stage action and melodramatic plot;

• virtuous piano works;

• new forms:

• romantic songs including “songs without words”;

• nocturnes;

• rhapsodies;

• preludes.

• interest in folk music.

- Musical pluralism (after World War I)

• style becomes a matter of choice rather than a matter of accepted conventions;

• asymmetric rhythm;

• extensive use of percussion instruments;

• appearance of electronic music;

• computer gives composers new possibilities in synthesizing and processing sounds;

• experimental music and improvisation;

• appearance of pop music;

• new forms: jazz, rock, rap, techno, metal, etc.

Musical instruments are popularly divided into several groups:

- string(ed) instruments (strings):

• the lute family: guitar, banjo, a number of folk instruments;

• the violin family: violin, viola, cello, double bass [beis];

• harp.

- woodwind: piccolo, flute, oboe, clarinet, saxophone, bassoon.

- brass: French horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba.

- percussion: timpani, drum, cymbals, xylophone, tambourine, orchestral gong, vibraphone.

- keyboard: grand piano, pianoforte, organ, synthesizer.

People related to creating and performing music are:

• composer; • songwriter;

• instrumentalist; • duet;

• performer; • trio;

• virtuoso(i/s); • quartet;

• conductor; • quintet;

• singer; • sextet;

• chorister; • septet;

• librettist; • octet;

• soloist; • ensemble;

• vocalist; • band.

Music can sound very different. Some pieces sound complicated and intricate, others may be just a few bars repeated many times. Some melodies are almost impossible to remember, but others may haunt you for a long time. Music can impress you as

• divine; • catchy;

• serious; • lively;

• harmonic; • popular;

• touching; • progressive;

• mystical; • individual;

• expressive; • avant-garde;

• dramatic; • experimental;

• daring; • original;

• complex; • imaginative;

• lucid; • haunting.