Упр.52 Unit 1 ГДЗ English Михеева 11 класс
52 A. Try to match the names of these composers (pp. 49—50) with the periods in the history of music.a) Baroque music c) Romantic musicb) Classical music d) Modern musicB.
Решение #
Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Михеева, Афанасьева 11 класс, Просвещение:
52 A. Try to match the names of these composers (pp. 49—50) with the periods in the history of music.
a) Baroque music c) Romantic music
b) Classical music d) Modern music
B. Read the text to check your matching.
Kinds of Music
More kinds of music are available to interested listeners today than ever before — on records, on tape, and in live performances. There are two major traditions of music, generally known as classical and popular, although the line between them is not always clear.
The term classical music is often used to describe the long tradition of “serious” music from the European Middle Ages to the present. The classics are often associated with orchestral music, but they also include solo music for instruments, opera and choral music.
EARLY MUSIC. European music grew from the music of the Christian church in the Middle Ages. The church used chants in its services — simple music for one voice. In time, some churches added a second voice, producing a kind of harmony. By 1400, composers were writing music for four or more voices. By the year 1600, music both for the church and for the courts of kings and nobles was highly developed. Musical plays gradually developed into opera and ballet. Composers wrote many pieces for two or more parts (either voices or instruments) and produced a style of music called polyphonic, or many-voiced.
BAROQUE MUSIC. The composer and performer who acted as a bridge between this early style and later styles was Johann Sebastian Bach (1685—1750). He was a great organist and composed many pieces for the organ as well as much instrumental music for groups of instruments that were coming to resemble the modern orchestra. The most famous of those are the six Brandenburg Concertos. The other great composer of the age was George Frederick Handel (1685—1759). Although born in Germany, Handel spent most of his life in England. His greatest works were oratorios, dramatic works that often told a biblical story for orchestra, solo voices, and chorus.
CLASSICAL MUSIC. By 1750, composers were tired of the complicated many-voiced music of Bach and Handel. They were looking for a simpler musical language. The result was the music of the classical period (about 1760 to 1790): symphonies, concertos for solo instruments with orchestra, and an increasing amount of music pieces for the newly developed pianoforte. This instrument is an early version of the modern piano. This classical period produced two great composers: Franz Joseph Haydn
(1732—1809) and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756—1791). ROMANTIC MUSIC. By 1790, still another style was beginning to take over from the classical style. Composers were seeking a musical language that would more easily express their inner-most thoughts and feelings. The new style came to be called Romantic, and it influenced serious musicians for more than 100 years.
The first great Romantic composer was Ludwig van Beethoven (1770—1827). His early works owed much to Haydn and Mozart, but he gradually learned to express his own dramatic feelings in his music. His nine symphonies are among the most important orchestral works ever written. Early in his career, Beethoven became almost completely deaf. He never really heard many of his great compositions performed except in his own mind.
Among later Romantic composers in Germany were Franz Schubert [taskJu:bat] whose songs for voice and piano are still widely loved and played; Robert Schumann [yJuiman], a great composer for the piano; and Johannes Brahms [bra:mz], whose orchestral works seek to outshine even Beethoven’s. The Polish-French pianist Frederic Chopin [7Jnpaer)] and the Hungarian Franz Liszt wrote challenging new pieces for piano, while the Russian Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky became a master of the symphony and other orchestral forms as well as operas and ballets.
Meanwhile, opera became the great national music of Italy. Late in the 1800s, Richard Wagner [taskva:gna] developed а form of grand opera in Germany.
MODERN PERIOD. Since 1900, serious music has undergone rapid changes. Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel sought to make music more like painting, seeking new “colours” and sounds in orchestra. Igor Stravinsky’s early compositions were so filled with unfamiliar timbers, rhythms, and harmonies, that they caused riots in their first performances.
Dmitry Shostakovich and Alfred Schnittke gave up traditional scales and harmonies and composed a new musical language. The Hungarian Bela Bartock and the American George Gershwin, a composer of Broadway musicals, searched for folk themes and used them in new and surprising ways.